CHAPTER 6 ( Case Study)

QUESTION TO COSIDER 

( Case Study 1)

1. Is the RIAA’s strong stand on copyright infringement helping or hurting the music recording industry?

-  the RIAA has taken legal actions against more then 40,000 people, mostly for copyright infringement for illegally sharing and downloading music via the internet some of the lawsuits threatened fines of tens of thousands of dollars alleged violators who challenged the RIAA in court risked being assessed crippling fines; thus most settled out of court

                        
2. Could an ISP’s implementation and enforcement of the RIAA’s multitier strategy have a negative impact on the ISP?

-  copyrighted works and any illegal activities through internet.RIAA says that the music industry has fully embraced the Internet as a major channel for distribution to consumers. The group has called on the Federal Communications Commission. It endorse efforts to curb illegal downloads. 

QUESTION TO COSIDER 

( Case Study 2)

1.Go to your school’s computer lab or a PC software store and experiment with current

versions of any two of the Quattro, Excel, or Lotus 1-2-3 spreadsheet programs. Write a brief paragraph summarizing the similarities and differences in the “look and feel” of these two programs.

- Quattro has been around for a long time (as has lotus 123) and they perform well. they are probably easier  to use to create  worksheet to do tasks of the everyday type. Excel has a much greater selection of tools to be able to display and / or print your worksheet  with a more professional look. Excel has an extremely powerful language which is used to create macros. As you might expect this language is more difficult to learn than macros functions used in quattro and 123. Both are spreadsheet that perform the same function they have similar formats just made by different companies. the standards would be excel since it is more commonplace both are good basic spreadsheet there are significant differences quattro is freeware while the excel is by for the best of this programs because the script language VB-Script is Extremely powerful.

 

2. The courts took several years to reverse their initial decision and rule in favor of Borland. What impact did this delay have on the software industry? How might things have been different if Borland had received an initial favorable ruling?

- The impact of the delay of the decision on the software industry is that they waste time their decision and in the end borland still in business operation. Another impact is that the ruling made it clear that software copyright could be successfully challenged which further discouraged the use of copyright to protect software innovations. As a result developers had to go through the more difficult and expensive patent process to protect their software Products. 

The tings have might b1een different if borland had received an initial favorable ruling is that they can develop more the spreadsheet that they have and they can continue to sell their products and also they can avoid to pay the estimated 100million in damage sought by lotus. These can be avoided if the borland had received an initial favorable ruling.     

3.Assume that you are the manager of Borland’s software development. With the benefit of hindsight, what different decisions would you have made about Quattro?

- If i were the manager of Borlands software development, I would decide not to sell the Quattro Spreadsheet software to Novell Inc. since the court of Appeals reversed the district court ruling that Borland had infringed the copyright of lotus 123. Its a big lost of the company when they sell the software but then Borland is still in business providing products and services targeted to software developers.

CHAPTER 5 (Case Study)

QUESTIONS TO CONSIDER
( Case Study 1 )

1. Does sexting represent a form of expression that is protected by the first Amendment?

-  For me No, because sexting does not give positive image, some consider it a form of expression since they can show what they are though the used of mobile phones by sending sexually explicit messages or photographs. But then, it does not create a good output because some of the victim of it are the minors who send an explicit, nude photographs to their peers and then the result is embarrassment. There social status will be affected, sexting is a result of advances in technology enabling now forms of social  interaction, the social danger with sexting is that the material can be very easily propagated in which the originator has no control.


2. What can we done to protect people from the danger of sexting while still safeguarding our first Amendment rights?

- there are lots of process by which you can protect the people from danger of sexting while still safeguarding the first amendment. for me, as a citizen i will do the right thing, avoid taking nude pictures instead you must focus on the studies. And also to the parents, you must also give you 100% guidance to your child in order to avoid on these kind of act. Another preventions are trying to maintain open lines of communication with your Children , advise your kids never to take picture of them that they wouldn't want their classmate , encourage your children to think before they send, familiarize yourself with the legal aspects of the issue and lastly establish rules of conduct for mobile phones. through this idea you can protect your child or people from danger of texting while still safeguarding the first amendment rights.

QUESTIONS TO CONSIDER
 ( Case Study 2 )

1. Visit the EFF Web site at www.eff.org and develop a list of its current “hot” issues. Research one EFF issue that interests you, and write a brief paper summarizing EFF’s position. Discuss whether you support this position and why.

-   I'll choose the hot issues of EFF last April 18, 2012 the topic was "Time for technology Companies to stand up for Human rights" 

" Its time for technology Companies that sell Surveillance  and filtering equipment to step up and ensure they aren't helping government in committing human rights violations. The paper  call on companies to increase transparency of their dealing with potentially regressive and to implement , know your customer , standards for auditing technology sales, including review of the purchasing governments technical questions and customization requests. If the review Indicates  that the technologies  or transaction maybe used to facilitate human rights violation, the company should refrain from participating."

EFF hot issues regarding time for technology companies to stand up for human rights ,as we all know  technology today is very in demand it is simply to provide a way to communicate with others  another is to provide safety, is to simply make life easier and less manual. But then, there some technology companies  who sell technology that could abuse the human rights. they can records  or spy cellphones call, scanning photographs  with facial recognition, monitoring mobile networks with voice recognition. although  is technology is very high-tech but we cannot deny the fact that this is prohibited to do such thing. therefore for me, I am on a positive side to pursue that all the technology companies  must have to reprimand to sell technology that could give a good  output not to distract other lives by simply allowing them to listening to the cellphone calls.

2. What reasons might a firm give for joining and supporting EFF?

-  Reasons might a firm give for joining and supporting EFF is that they joined because they can make, small contributions of news and services and money. It can help to do a very good work and can examine the resume of that work on the EFF has been created at the exact time in history and is working on the exact rights pressure points to make those changes. Therefore I think that might be the reasons why the company or firm joined and supported the EFF since they have a good agenda and a good mission vision towards the company. 

3. The vice president of public affairs for your midsized telecommunications equipment company has suggested that the firm donate $10,000 in equipment and services to EFF and become a corporate sponsor. The CFO has asked if you, the CIO, support this action. What would you say?

- If i were a CEO in a certain company and would given and suggested that kind of donation i would say yes, because electronic frontiers foundations helps a lot in protecting the fundamental civil liberties relating to the use of technology, privacy , innovations and consumer rights. from the internet  to ipod technologies are transforming our society when our freedom in the world come under attack the EFF is the first line of defense. Another reasons is that through having an EFF it will help to encourage and support the development of new tools which will endow non technical users with full and easy to access to computer based telecommunications so therefore, i would probably give a donation since after all it was for the good.

 

CHAPTER 7 (Case Study)

QUESTION TO CONSIDER
(Case Study 1) 

1. Is this example of software problems holding up the introduction of a major new product and impacting a firm’s customers and suppliers unusual, or is it a common occurrence?

-  I Think this is a common occurrence especially when the problem occur, the delay of the products is one of the common problem, also suppliers have been affected by the missed schedule. So the introduction of a major new product will be affected.

2.What can organizations do to reduce the negative consequences of software development problems in the production of their products and the operation of their business processes and facilities?

- The Organization must have to do the right thing, such as they should increase production of the products, avoid the delayed of the deliveries of the products, product innovation market implementation and additional software development. Through reduce the negative consequences of the software development problem in the production of their products.


QUESTION TO CONSIDER
(Case Study 2)

1.With the benefit of hindsight, what steps could have been taken during development of the Patriot software to avoid the problems that led to the loss of life? Do you think these steps would have improved the Patriot’s effectiveness enough to make it obvious that the missile was a strong deterrent against the Scud? Why or why not? 

- The development that should be taken in order to avoid problems that lead to the lost of life is that they must check and review all the possible problem about the patriot missile they should develop more innovate the product before they used and launched it. I think these steps were very help to improve the patriots effectiveness and strong deterrent against Scud. 

2.What ethical decisions do you think the U.S. military made in choosing to deploy the Patriot missile to Israel and Saudi Arabia and in reporting the effectiveness of the Patriot system?

-  The ethical decision that the U.S military made in deploying the patriot missile is that they must first see the detailed guidance before deploying the missile. They must follow the exact Principles on how to deployed the missile to Iraq.

3. What key lessons from this example of safety-critical software development could be applied to the development of business information system software?

- The lessons from this example is that before you go or applied the software technology, you must check the detailed guidance required, there must be a safety guide to be develop in evry business information system software in order to avoid any circumstances that could lead to the lost of lives. Therefore there must be product development innovation,safety guidance and quality of a product to ensure its effectiveness to the development of business information.

CHAPTER 8 (Case Study)

QUESTION TO CONSIDER
(Case Study 1)

1. How important is access to ICT in children’s education?

-   It is very relevant  or important to access ICT or information and communication technology in children education because it develops their knowledge and capability to communicate with other people. especially today we are in the world of technology it should be teach in every school about information technology. The school must have a computers in order to access in the internet Therefore it is very usable to have an ICT in the education of the Children.  

2.What are the barriers that stand in the way of universal access to ICT for everyone who wants it?


- The barriers that might stand in the way of universal access to ICT for everyone who wants it is that the country or region is poor they cannot afford to access ICT since they are lack of funds to connect, Another barriers is the unemployment rate is law, it will affect the standard of living they also cannot afford to access into the ICT, These are the possible barriers that could affect to access to ICT for everyone who wants it.

QUESTION TO CONSIDER
(Case Study 2)

1.Can you provide examples that either refute or confirm the idea that a gap exists between the kinds of healthcare services available to the wealthy and the poor in the United States?

- One of the examples that confirm the idea that a gap exists between the rich and poor in terms of healthcare services is that they give excellent accommodation to the wealthy patients rather than to the poor, they give extra treatment to them, while the poor they do not give 100% of care. Services to them , the rich people will always be on the top especially in having a healthcare services in the U.S.  




2. Should healthcare organizations make major investments in telemedicine to provide improved services that only the wealthy can afford?

-  I think it would be better if the healthcare organization would pursue to make an investment in telemedicine, although it is expensive and only wealthy can afford, buy still it is usable and can help people / patients to prolong and improve the quality of life because it is still medicine that can cure people. 


3. What are the drawbacks of telemedicine? What situations might not lend themselves to telemedicine solutions? 


- Telemedicine is a vast subject, but as yet there are limited data on the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of most telemedicine applications. As a result, objective information about the benefits and drawbacks of telemedicine is limited. This review is therefore based mainly on preliminary results, opinions and predictions. Many potential benefits of telemedicine can be envisaged, including: improved access to information; provision of care not previously deliverable; improved access to services and increasing care delivery; improved professional education; quality control of screening programmes; and reduced health-care costs.

CHAPTER 9 (Case Study)

QUESTION TO CONSIDER

(Case Study 1)

1.Many people question the value of Twitter’s goal of helping people stay connected in real time. Do the events in Iran illustrate the potential value to society of social networking tools such as Twitter? Are there other ways that Twitter and other social networks could be used by people and organizations to add real value?

- For me i think the event in Iran would not illustrate the value to society of social social networking because it create chaos by sending rumors and ex peculation  about the election through the use of twitter, it does not give positive output instead it allows users to give negative comments, there are other ways that twitter could be use by people and organization to add real value by simply sending and communicating to there families and friends. Twitter is also use to advertise product could easily be reach the customer.

2. How trustworthy is the information one gleans from social network.

-  I could say that twitter does not give a 1005 percent of trustworthy in the information since it is a service for family and friends looking to stay and connected through the frequent exchange of message. It is limited in information and connecting of what they want to say, through twitter you can express what you want to say, therefore i could say  it does not give trustworthy information.

QUESTION TO CONSIDER

(Case Study 2)

1. Some observers believe that if an organization does not respond to an attack on its brand within the first 24 hours, then the damage has been done—lack of management response is judged as an admission of guilt. Others feel that some time is required to gather facts and figure out what happened before responding. With the advantage of 20/20 hindsight, how might Domino’s have reacted more effectively?

-    the domino of the company must react effective by reacting immediately to the scandal made by one of the employee, they must respond quickly because the company image will affected especially when the video was scattered and same of the customer were less likely to do so after seeing the video. although it is a joke and not true, but then the mind of the customers were easily be turn off, therefore there must be and action be taken such as press released and apologize immediately to the people what was really happened.     


2. Do you find it unusual that Domino’s response was primarily through the online media rather than the usual printed press releases? Does this seem an effective and appropriate way to respond under these circumstances? Why or why not? Does Domino’s use of the online media set a precedent for others to follow in the future?

- It is not unusual that domino response is through the online media since it is easier and fastest way to communicate people, it is also the latest technology not like the usual printed press released. Yes, it is an affective and appropriate way to respond because it is the safest and fastest way to do, online media is universal access today, it is more efficient and effective rather than to the other. Yes, I think domino set a precedent for others to follow in the future. 


3. Identify three lessons that other companies could learn from Domino’s experience.

- The three factors that might learn by other company from Domino are the following:

• Training and seminars of the employee must be implemented.
• Take an immediate actions on the problem that may occur.
• Develop proper management that could response quickly to problems.  

 

CHAPTER 10 ( Case Study )

QUESTION TO CONSIDER

( Case Study 1 )

1. How can an organization ensure that all the members of its supply chain will behave ethically?

-  Organization must insure that all the members of its supply chain will behave ethically by having focus to its designated area, the employees must undergo proper training, and have good compensation. It should be balance in terms employee treatment in order to have a harmonious relationship towards other and they can practice good ethical behavior to each other.  

2. What responsibility does an organization have to ensure that its suppliers and business partners behave ethically?

- The responsibility does an organization have to ensure that its suppliers and business partners behave ethically is by being honest to each transaction towards suppliers. Honesty and loyalty must be practice so that they can build good relationship. Another responsibility is that they should have total quality management to develop strong image of company together with the supplier.

QUESTION TO CONSIDER

( Case Study 2 )

1. How have green computing efforts lowered the total cost of computer ownership?

-  Green computing efforts lowered the total cost of computer ownership by saving energy through shutdown of computer at the end of the day and by reducing the carbon emission. Through this, the owner would save energy and at the same time they could have to lessen their negative impact on the environment.


2. Which approach can yield greater benefits—building greener computers or implementing programs that change users’ behavior so that they operate their computers in a more responsible manner? Explain your response.

-  For the approach that can yield greater benefits is by implementing programs that charge users behavior because through this the users could operate the computers in the good manners. most of the users today will abuse the internet they usually use is just to watch pornography video and etc. Therefore, I am more in favor of implementing a program that could switch the mind or behavior of users since it really helps a lot to users itself.


3. Do research at the EPEAT Web site and determine which computer manufacturer currently has the best green computing ratings.

-   As the result on my research the ACE Computer has the best green computing rating among other computer manufacturer.
 


 

CASE STUDY (Chapter 3)

QUESTIONS TO CONSIDER

1. Peter Gumble, European editor for Fortune magazine, comments, "Kerviel is a stunning example of a trader breaking the rules, but he's by no means alone. One of the dirty little secrets of trading floors around the world is that every so often, somebody is caught concealing a position and is quickly - and quietly - dismissed... [This] might be shocking for people unfamiliar with the macho, high-risk, high-reward culture of most trading floors, but consider this: the only way banks can tell who will turn into a good trader and who even the most junior traders to take aggressive positions. This leeway is supposed to be matched by careful controls, but clearly they aren't foolproof." What is your reaction to this statement by Mr. Gumble?

 - If you hire a bunch of youngster and pay them big money to take risks, some will inevitably cut corners.Many are responsible for analyzing potential investment opportunities and assisting senior traders in executing trades.I prefer that junior traders should stay to what position are they in, so that they will inhance or professionalize the work had task them to do and when  time comes that their performaces are good, its probably the time to put them to the higher task or any aggressive positions. Mr. Gumble might be right about his statement.

2. What explanation can there be for the failure of SocGen's internal control system to detect Kerviel's transactions while Eurex detected many suspicious transactions?

-The failure of SocGen is that they are not very aware of the internal control system thingy to detect Kerviel's suspicious transactions. They put their full trust to Kerviel.And they are acting very relax for all the warnings,emails that they receive.

QUESTIONS TO CONSIDER

1. Do you think that Mike Lynn acted in a responsible manner? Why or why not?

- Yes, because he is doing this for the right of his own country..as he said,"I feel I had to do what's right for the country and the national infrastructure". He has more credibility and very sure about he discovered that was about to reveal by him.

  

2. Do you think that Cisco and ISS were right to pull the plug on Lynn's presentation at the Black Hat conference? Why or why not?

- No,because of the very suspicious actions of Cisco.They are trying to keep a researcher to be quit.Theres something that they don't others to know.Lynn's discovery is very tough evidence.

 

3. Outline a more reasonable approach toward communicating the flaw in the Cisco routers 

- A system with dual route processors was Cisco's innovation. Cisco allows a router that has experienced a hardware or software failure of an active route processor to maintain data link layer connections and to continue forwarding packets during the switchover to the standby route processor. We have what we call thw "Black hats" the hackers or crackers who break into system with malicious intent and the "White hats"  hackers who reveal vulnerabilities to protect systems. Lynn discover that it is possible to create a network worm that propagate and took control of router..and this discovery is momentous.

CASE STUDY (Chapter 4)

Discussion Questions

1. What type of security breaches of medical record are commonly today?

-The most common ones are viruses and worms that are usually acquired by carelessness of data handling .

    

2. What measures are being taken by the government and private industry to safeguard EHR's?

- The government has the  Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act , which is an act to protect the confidentiality of the healthcare user and data

    

3. How do you think the implementation of ARRA will affect the privacy of our healthcare and personal data? What breaches do you foresee? How can they be forestalled?

- The  American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA or the Act) in February 2009 has some issues regarding the privacy of the users health care and data.The security of the users data should always be considered.
 

Discussion Questions

1. How does Google's business model use personal data?

  

- To help the business move forward and become more profitable,theres a description of a business and a plan called Business model. Operations and functions of the business it is describing.

2. What do you think are the major privacy concerns raised by Google's business model and applications?

   

- The technology was very open to the public and so others can sneak on it is ther major privacy concerns.

3. Do you think Google has taken adequate measures to protect its user's privacy? Explain your answer.

- Yes, because it contains the personal information of the users. Also they have the policy to consider.

 

CHAPTER 1 Case Study 1

QUESTIONS TO CONSIDER:

1. which issue is more disconcerting- the fact that a board member leaked confidential information about the firm or the tactics used to investigate the leak? defend your position.
- I think the more disconcerting issue the fact that when the board member leaked confidentials information about HP beacause its illegal or againts to the company regulations when taking some information without permission. And actually its easy for the detectives to trace the suspected board members by using telephone.

2. can the use of pretexting to gain information ever be justified? is it consider legal under any circumstances.
- As i know that the Pretexting is a practice where an individual lies about him or her identity in order to obtain confidential or privileged information that he or she is not entitled to. There are a number of different ways pretexting occurs. Pretexters may use the telephone or computer. They may claim to be an institution like a bank or credit agency, or they may call a company claiming to be the consumer. I dont think that the pretexting is illegal in the terms by getting some information unless if you used this to get some confidential information.


QUESTIONS TO CONSIDER:

1. there are many ethical issues about which people hold very strong opinions-abortions, gun control and the death penalty, to name a few. if you were a team member on a project with someone whom you knew held an opinion different from yours on one of these issues, would it affect your ability to work with this person? why or why not?
- If I am in the team member on a project and have an own opinion  it would not affect my ability to work with them. As a member of the project we need to share ideas and gather all opinion's regarding to the issue, by doing that we can actually accomplish our work without anguishing with others opinion's.

2. what do you think are the most important factors that helped you define your own personal code of ethics.
- For me the most important factors that help to define my own personal code of ethics are attitudes and behavior. attitudes because  it is important to our selves to have a good impression with others and the way we socialize with the people around us. Behavior because people will trust and respect us if we doing a good example to there eyes.
3. do you think that ethics in business is improving or getting worse ? defend your position.
- For me ethics is important to the business because without ethics in the business how can a business will grow or step to the next level if don't apply into our daily live style. And how can actually people manage a simple things if don't apply ethics in the business. 
4. the ethics resource center identified five characteristics of a succesful ethics program suggest a sixth characteristic, and  defend your choice.

- Reliability 
Reliability goes hand in hand with a good work ethic. If individuals with a good work ethic say they are going to attend a work function or arrive at a certain time, they do, as they value punctuality. Individuals with a strong work ethic often want to appear dependable, showing their employers that they are workers to whom they can turn. Because of this, they put effort into portraying -- and proving -- this dependability by being reliable and performing consistently.

Dedication
Those with a good work ethic are dedicated to their jobs and will do anything they can to ensure that they perform well. Often this dedication leads them to change jobs less frequently, as they become committed to the positions in which they work and are not eager to abandon these posts. They also often put in extra hours beyond what is expected, making it easy for their employers to see that they are workers who go beyond the rest of the workforce and truly dedicate themselves to their positions.
 
Productivity
Because they work at a consistently fast pace, individuals with a good work ethic are often highly productive. They commonly get large amounts of work done more quickly than others who lack their work ethic, as they don't quit until they've completed the tasks with which they were presented. This high level of productivity is also due, at least in part, to the fact that these individuals want to appear to be strong workers. The more productive they are, the more beneficial to the company they appear to those managing them.
 
Cooperation
Cooperative work can be highly beneficial in the business environment, something that individuals with a strong work ethic know well. Because they recognize the usefulness of cooperative practices -- such as teamwork -- they often put an extensive amount of effort into working well with others. These individuals commonly respect their bosses enough to work with any individuals with whom they are paired in a productive and polite manner, even if they do not enjoy working with the individuals in question.
 
Character
Those with a good work ethic often also possess generally strong character. This means they are self-disciplined, pushing themselves to complete work tasks instead of requiring others to intervene. They are also often very honest and trustworthy, as they view these traits as befitting the high-quality employees they seek to become. To demonstrate their strong character, these workers embody these positive traits daily, likely distinguishing themselves from the rest.

5. which incendent has a higher negative impact on an organization-an unethical act performed by an hourly worker or the same act performed by a senior manager of the organization? explain your answer fully. should the hourly worker be treated differently than the senior manager who committed the unethical act? why or why not?
- even though there are not actually the same position of the organization but they are  both commit same unethical act, in that case they must treated fairly so that we can apply ethics to the organization. how can we apply ethics to the organization if each one of us are  treated diffrently according to the position.

6. it is a common and acceptable pratice for managers to hold people accountable to meet "stretch" goals, quotas, and budgets.how can this be done in a way that does not encourage unethical behavior on the part of employees.
-Actually there are some companies required a minimum rate for the employees based on the work done. company should have a contract to their employees and orient their people to meet  stretch. 

7. is every action that is legal also ethical? can you describe an action that is legal but ethically wrong? is every ethical action also legal? is the law, not ethics, the only guide that business managers need to consider? explain.-every action that is legal is supposed to be ethical. but for me, its not. nowadays, basing from our present situation, not all legal actions are ethical because these what they call "legal actions" may harm people. an example of this is slavery. Slavery is legal in other countries up to this point in time. But if you would see through this action, slavery is ethically wrong because it does not treat the people properly and violates their rights. Every ethical action is not always legal because it may seem good to other people but its legally wrong because it violates rules. The law can be considered as ethics as it regulates rules that can make the actions of the people in an ethical way.

8. do you think it is easier to establish an ethical work environment in a nonprofit organization? why or why not?
- for me it depends on the employee of the organization if  he or she accept a nonprofit organization and apply the  rules and regulation of ethics. And they can actually do what are the best things to make company successful even though they are not profit organization. It is better and easier to establish  an ethical work environment in a nonprofit organization in order to have a harmonious relationship within the employees. ethics is very essential because it creates a positive image in the company, it helps a lot in achieving the objectives and goal of the organization specially when all the employees passes an ethical behavior because its easy to handle and employee if they have common understanding and also you should have to motivate and practice ethical work environment in an certain organization.

9. this chapter discusses the four approaches to dealing with moral issues. identify and briefly summarize each one. do you believe one perspective is better then others? if so, which one and why?
-If i would be a manager i would consider to apply both the law and ethics in tuning a business because not all the time that you must follow the law only, it is hard to do the kind of situation, to have good output law and ethics must be compliment with each other.



DISCUSSION QUESTION

1. CA executives involved the accounting scandal were not accused of reporting bogus contracts or hiding major problems in business. the contracts that were backdated were real sales agreements. was this really a crime? should the individuals have been punished so harshly?
- That was a crimes since they commit Fraudulent involved backdating contract that worth hundreds of millions. Fraud considered as a crime, any person who commit this should have been put to punish according to what he have done, he must have to face the consequences sentenced by law but not so harshly.

2. In December 2004, CA appointed Patrick J. Gnazzo as a senior chief compliance officer to demonstrate to the government and shareholders that the firm would take measures to operate ethically, Gnazzo served in this role at United Technologies for 10 years and had been a member of the board directors of the ethics Offices Association .Gnazzo reported to a  new executive vice president and a general counsel at CA as well as the board's Compliance committee. Outline some of the Actions Gnazzo might have been taken in his first six months on the job
- Gnazzo must have to do great decisions that could make the company to be successful. Some outline that he must pursue is good decision making, proper handling of employee, product innovation and most of all he must do all the positive way to meet all the objectives of the company. these are some outline that Gnazzo might have taken in his first six months on the job.

3. John Swainson, a 26-year veteran of IBM, joined CA in November 2004 as CEO and President his first few months with the firm were rough- major customers threatened to dumb the firm some products were behind schedule and were of poor quality; executives had to be fired for breaking company  rules; accountants continued to find past mistakes; and many newly hired executives had to be brought on board. what sort leadership could he have demonstrated to show that he was determined to avoid future scandals at CA?
- John Swaison must be a good leader and passes good quality  that would create good relationship to customers as well as to employees. Leader must be an example, so therefore i would suggest that he would do some strategic plan that was determined to avoid future problems or scandals at CA. Having a good leader maintained the employees produced good quality of products, retained and regained customers.

4. CA has been hit with numerous scandals since the late 1990's. these scandals raise questions about how successful the firm might have been if not for the amount of time its executives had to spend on this distractions. compare the revenue growth and stock price of CA to that of some of its competitors over the period 2004-2008 (be sure to use CA's corrected figures!) can you detect any impact of these scandals on CA's performance? what else might explain the difference in performance?
- The revenue growth of CA was 4.3billion. Yes, there is an impact of these scandals on CA's performance since the board members and executives itself were sentenced to jail and fined millions of dollars. Then, the company image were also affected since the employees commit securities fraud and obstruction of justice. The difference between CA and competitors might be the total revenue of CA will declined and the Competitors used the scandals of CA to get the customers and to increase there profits.

 QUESTIONS TO CONSIDER:

1. Identify at least two other companies that mange their suppliers in a manner similar to Dell computers. do these companies have anything in common with Dell?
-   I think Apple and Sam Sung Companies have suppliers similar to Dell Computers. And yes, they have anything in common with Dell, they are both manufactures,designs and sells computer technology and also they employs lot of people needed in the operation of the business.

2. Can you Identify any disadvantages for dell in taking the approach to managing suppliers?
- For me, I think there is also a disadvantage for Dell in taking this approach to managing suppliers, Dell is very high standard to there suppliers that could make bullying since they hold the suppliers feet to fire. although it is good to establish  such expectations to ensure good quality but then on the other side there are some disadvantage that could affect the company.

3. Do you think that this approach  to managing suppliers is unethical, or is it acceptable and ethical? explain your reasoning.
- I think it is acceptable and ethical because as a company you set a standards  to suppliers to have total good quality of every products. Then, it motivates also your suppliers to do there job property. So therefore it is good and ethical since today customers look for good and high quality products so in this connection you can surely give the needs of the people by producing high standard products.

4. would you recommend any changes to the way Dell manages suppliers? Defend your position.
 - Im on the side of Dell's company on how they managed their suppliers because it is for all  good. standards set in order to meet the expectations of a company, it helps a lot in producing good and high standards products. Therefore i would say that Dell's manages its suppliers is good but then also know there limitation or boundary towards suppliers and i think i do not have any charges to the way Dell manages its suppliers.


QUESTIONS TO CONSIDER:

1. Discuss how a CIO might handle Schrage's Scenarios using the suggested process for ethical decision making presented in this chapter.
- The CIO must have to developed the idea of Schrage is first scenario in having a customer relationship management (CRM). It motivates all the employees to do there job and working hard to meet the deadline and also business competing values, and trade-offs must be made to keep business operation running. 


2. Discuss the possible short-term losses and long-term gains in implementing ethical solutions for each of Schrage's scenarios.
-  The possible short term loses of Schrage's every scenario accusing him of being dishonorable, shortsighted and lazy. The remaining employees will no longer trust the company and may find new job were they can feel more secure. The long term gains in implementing ethical solutions is that they should try to maintain loyalty to employees by offering incentives for those who stayed or by providing  job-replacement services to departing employees. 


3. Must businesses choose between good ethics and financial benefits? explain your answer using Schrage's scenarios as example.
- Busines should apply both good ethics and financial benefits because through this , your company will succeed, the customer will satisfied of what they have. Ethics is not an hindrance for profit expansion, it does not interferes with the business efficiency of the company.   

CHAPTER 2 Case study 2

QUESTION TO CONSIDER:
 
1. What message is sent to IT workers by the actions of New York Law School and  colleague  even if unrelated job-performance issues justified their actions in firing Gross and Perry?
-  Be a professional in doing your jobs and do not makes with  joke actions. sent an email to New York faculty , staff , and students saying I'm saddened to report to you that I learned this afternoon that our colleague, professor Edward Samuel, was arrested on charges relating to possession of childhood pornographic images.and they were fired because of this incident.

2. since the incident, a number of states have enacted laws that require workers to report immediately any child pornography found while servicing equipment. most of the laws state that worker who reports such a discovery is immune from any criminal,civil or administrative liability. failure to report the discovery can result to a fine, imprisonment or both,do you think such laws will encourage reporting? why or why not?
-Yes, Because they will get oblige to report any child pornography.If not,the authority will have no choice but to take them in imprisonment. And by this, there will be less crimes that will happen.It is better for us to help how to prevent or stop such wrong doings.

Discussion Questions:

1. how do you distinguish between a gift and a bribe? provide an example of a "gift" that falls in the gray area between a gift and a bribe.

-Bribe is any inducement given either in appreciation of a past favor or in anticipation of a future one. Gift is an item given voluntarily to somebody out of love or compassion, without expecting the recipient to be in a position to reciprocate the gesture later or in future.

2. discuss the following topic: law do not provide a complete guide to ethical behavior. an activity can be legal or not ethical.
-Ethical values and legal principles are usually closely related, but ethical obligations typically exceed legal duties. In some cases, the law mandates ethical conduct. Examples of the application of law or policy to ethics include employment law, federal regulations, and codes of ethics.

3. what is a professional malpractice? can an IT worker ever be sued for professional malpractice? why or why not?
-No, because an IT workers are not recognized as a professionals because they are not licensed by the state or federal government. Therefore, IT workers are NOT liable for malpractice because they do.

4. review the PMI member code of ethics in appendix E. for each point in the code, provide an example of a project manager action that would break the code.-In the past, PMI also had separate ethics standards for members and for credentialed individuals. Stakeholders who contributed input to develop this Code concluded that having multiple codes was undesirable and that everyone should be held to one high standard. Therefore, this Code is applicable to both PMI members and individuals who have applied for or received a credential from PMI, regardless of their membership in PMI.

5. what must IT professionals do to ensure that the project they lead meet the clients expectations and do not lead the charges of fraud, fraudulent misrepresentation, or breach of contact.
-IT Professionals Profession A calling that requires specialized knowledge and often long and intensive academic preparation Ethics for IT WORKERS and IT USERS.IT workers are not recognized as professionals because they are not licensed by a state or federal government. In malpractice lawsuits, as many courts have ruled that IT workers are not liable for malpractice because they do not meet the legal definition of a professional.


6.should all IT professionals be either be licensed or certified? why or why not?
-Being certified will help IT professional to prove his capability and creditability for others as Microsoft said "How they know that you know?" but the most important then certificate is the experience, so I consider the certificate is a plus for IT not necessary, I hold 14 certificate from Microsoft, those certificate will add value but will not be the main.
7. what commonalities you find among  the IT professionals codes of ethics discussed in this chapter ? what differences are there? do you think there are any important issues not addressed by these codes of ethics.
-for me each code has similarities because it is all about ethics we know that ethics has many codes of ethics but for me there are no issues regarding to those codes because it's all about showing your personality and characteristics when it comes to ethics





Discussion Questions :

1. the Incident illustrates some of the potential problems for small software developers working with the giant software manufacturers. to extend or enhance their products. provide two good reasons why small developers should still consider working closely with the large software firm.
 
- There are some good reason why small developers should still consider working closely with large software firms. And one of this is that their products will be known in the industry, because the larger firm has the greater demand and if the small firm will work closely to them their products will be also in demand.
  -Second is that this is not only good for the small developers but this can also help the larger firms because there are things that the larges firms is needed that is met by the small developers. This way, the large firm can create a good software by the help of the small developers.

2. what measures could limit none have taken to better protect itself from Google's alleged actions? what measures could Google have taken to protect itself from this lawsuit?    

- The measures could LimitNone have taken to better protest itself from Google’s alleged actions is that they should think first of will happen after entering such large companies. They shouldn’t allow to tied them up and not to develop a competing product.
  -The measures that Google have take to protect itself from the lawsuit is that they shouldn’t do such things against the smaller developer because they can still fight against them and can damage their identity.

3. do research on the web to find out this case is proceeding it the courts. write a short summary of your findings. 
LimitNone, a small software development company, is seeking nearly US$1 billion in damages in a lawsuit that accuses Google of reneging on a partnership with the small company and misappropriating its trade secrets for its Google Apps online service.       
Specifically, the suit concerns LimitNone software called gMove designed to let people move e-mail, contacts, and calendar information stored in Microsoft Outlook to Google’s online service. Google initially helped LimitNone develop, promote, and sell the product, assuring LimitNone it wouldn’t offer a competing product, but then reversed course by giving away its own tool, Google E-mail Uploader, to premier-level Google Apps customers, the lawsuit said.

“With gMove priced at US$19 per copy and Google’s prediction that there were potentially 50 million users, Google deprived LimitNone of a US$950 million opportunity by offering Google’s competitive product for free as a part of its ‘premier’ Google Apps package,” the lawsuit, filed Monday in Cook County Circuit Court in Illinois.

LimitNone had shared confidential technical and sales forecast details with Google, the lawsuit said.

“Without Google’s knowledge and use of the gMove trade secrets and confidential information, Google would not have been able to solve its longstanding Microsoft Outlook to Gmail conversion problem,” the lawsuit said. “At a minimum, Google’s access to the internal workings of gMove allowed it to gain a significant head start on designing the inner workings for a competing application.” 
Google’s product “copied gMove’s look, feel, functionality, and distribution model, including several unique and proprietary operations,” the suit said.
And in May 2008, Google changed its user interface, breaking gMove compatibility and forcing the company to provide customer refunds.
The complaint alleges Google misappropriated trade secrets from LimitNone and violated fraud law by inducing LimitNone to share confidential information Google used to develop its competing product.

Discussion Question

1. How can organizations and vendors change their certification programs to test for skills as well as core knowledge? What issues might this introduce?
-Organization creates project management which certifies that if an IT worker succeeds the training that the organization will provide for the IT workers and Employees they well be given a certificate for the job that qualifies them. it shows that how further they learn during training's or maybe seminars how much knowledge they gain and how to use them wisely.
2. What are the primary arguments against certification, and how can certifying bodies change their programs to overcome these shortcomings?
-IT knowledge is not necessarily translated into IT quality work, cause as we know people with IT backgrounds must have a great communications skill and they are wisely suspected that it workers paid their certificates. they can release certificate and can also gain it during training's and it can be also used in their works and careers.
3. What are the benefits of certification? How might certification programs need to change in the future to better serve the needs of the IT community?
The benefits of this certificates are the employee can easily find a job and they are well recognized as an IT
Employees can benefit much on the certificates they will receive because it serves as a evidence that you attend any training's or any other programs or even workshops related to IT community it can also be used to easily apply to a company related on the certificate given to them. it is easy to be a part of something that is good best for your career.

What takes to be an IT Professional

 What it takes to be a I.T Professional, especially from someone who has never actually been one. To them, we just create a system, hard coding, make some websites, and all that. Those of us who really do make a living at this know that it is more about logic, analyzing, designing, deadlines, and sleepless nights. I want to discuss the first, and some might say primary decision a person must make before becoming a I.T Professional.Before we decide on a profession as a I.T Professionals, we must understand the commitment that we need to make. I.T Professionals perform hard Coding & System maintenance or solve problems that people have with their Business. To be a Professionals we need to become an expert and specialized knowledge in field which one is practicing professionally. To be a Professional we need to familiarize all the methods and technique that we are going to apply. And we need to get the Trust of the people and to be a Solutions provider..